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Shin Taliban Ta Cika Alkawuranta A Afghanistan?

Shekara guda ke nan da Taliban ta kwace mulkin kasar Afghanistan a ranar 15 ga Agusta, 2021

Shekara guda ke nan da Taliban ta kwace mulkin kasar Afghanistan.

Taron ’yan jaridar da suka gudanar na farko ya bai wa duniya mamaki da alkawuran kare hakkokin dan Adam gami da wasu tsare-tsare na sassaucin ra’ayi.

Daga cikin alkawuran da suka yi akwai:

  • Bai wa mata ’yancin neman ilimi
  • Damawa da mata a aiki da gwamnati 
  • Yafe wa tsoffin abokan gaba
  • Bai wa ’yan jarida cikakkiyar damar yin aiki
  • Haramta noma da safarar miyagun kwayoyi

A kan haka ne muka bi diddigi domin ganin ko shin kungiyar ta cika alkawuran a cikin shekara guda da ta gabata:

Kare hakkin mata

A lokacin taron, kakakin kungiyar, Zabihullah Mujahid ya yi alkawarin, “Za a rika damawa da mata a cikin al’umma daidai da tsarin Musulunci.”

Ya ce a karkashin hakan, za a halasta musu neman ilimi da kuma yin aiki.

Binciken Sashen Bin Diddigi na kafar yada labarai na Deutsche Welle (DW) ya bayyana cewa akwai ayar tambaya a wannan bangare da kungiyar ta yi alkawarin bai wa mata hakkokinsu na yin aiki da neman ilimi.

Binciken ya gano cewa tsaurin ra’ayin da aka san Taliban da shi tun a shekarun 1990 bai sauya ba.

Wasu mata a Afghanistan

Hasalima, ta sanya takunkumai ga mata ma’aikata da dalibai, baya ga wadanda shari’ar Musulunci da suke ikirarin amfani da ita ta shimfida.

Gwamnatin Taliban ta kuma tilasta wa mata rufe daukacin jikinsu da sanya nikabi idan za su fita. 

Duk macen da ta saba kuma, to za a iya sallamar mahaifinta ko duk wani namiji mafi kusanci da ita daga aikin gwamnati ko a daure shi a gidan yari.

An kuma haramta wa mata yin tafiya mai nisa ko hawa jirgi ba tsare wani muharraminsu namiji baligi ba.

An kuma takaita musu zuwa wuraren shakatawa, inda aka ware musu kwana uku a mako, maza kuma kwana hudu.

Dokar ta ce hakan wani matakin kariya ne daga fitina kuma ta fi so mata su zauna a gida, sai idan fitarsu ta zama dole.

Amma wasu malamai sun ce dokokin sun saba da koyarwar addini.

Sayed Abdul Hadi Hedayat, malamin Musulunci ne a Afghanistan, wanda ke adawa da umarnin Taliban ga mata su rufe daukacin jikinsu.

Ya ce “Babu wani Ijma’i tsakanin malamai da kasashen Musulunci game da hijabi, akwai ra’ayoyi da zabi game da hijabin mace.”

Ya shaida wa DW cewa fuska da hannuwa da kafafu na daga cikin sassan jikin da mace za ta iya bayyanawa.

Barin mata su yi aiki

Haka kuma kungiyar ba ta cika alkawarinta na barin mata su yi aiki yadda aka yi zato ba.

An takaita aikin mata zuwa wasu bangarori kamar yadda rahoton kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Amnesty International ya nuna.

“An umarci yawancin mata ma’aikatan gwamnati su zauna a gida, in banda masu aiki a bangaren lafiya da na ilimi.

“Bisa alamu, Taliban na son maye gurbin ma’aikata mata da maza, face a bangarorin da hakan ba zai yiwu ba,” in ji rahoton.

Yawancin mata masu rike da manyan mukaman gwamnati da na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kuma an sallame su.

Wani tsohon Farfesa a fannin Falsafar Musulunci a Jami’ar California ta kasar Amurka, Farid Younos ya ce hakan ya saba wa addini.

A cewarsa, mata sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a bangaren ilimi da tarihin Musulunci, har ya buga misali da matar Annabi (SAW) A’isha da ’yarsa Fatima, wadanda malamai ne da har maza na zuwa wurinsu daukar karatu.

Alkawarin bai wa mata ilimi

Wani bangaren da ake zargin Taliban da saba alkawari shi ne na ilimin ’yan mata.

’Yan makkonnni bayan darewar kungiyar kan mulki ne aka bude makarantu kuma dalibai mata sun halarta.

Sai dai murna ta koma ciki bayan kwana guda, inda ma’aikatar ilimi ta umarci mata ’yan sakandare da manyan makarantu da su zauna a gida.

Gwamnatin ta ce za su ci gaba da zama a gida zuwa lokacin da za a warware matsalar kayan makaranta da azuzuwa da sauransu, “Bisa tsarin Musulunci da al’adun kasar” – batun da har yanzu ke ajiye a mala.

Farfesa Farid ya ce hakkin kowane Musulmi, namiji da mace ne su samu ilimi.

“Musulunci bai haramta wa mace neman ilimi ko yin aiki ba, saboda babu yadda al’umma ta ci gaba ba tare da sun gudummawar mata ba,” inji Abdul.

Rahoton Amnesty International ya ce, matan da suka yi bore kan sabbin dokokin an tsare su, ko azabar da su ko razana su.

Yafe wa tsoffin abokan gaba

Haka zalika batun yafiya ga daukacin tsoffin sojoji  da duk wadanda suka yaki kungiyar ko suka taimaka a tsawon shekaru 20, DW ta ce da walakin.

In banda harin farko na ramuwar gayya da mayakan suka yi takaiwa ga tsoffin abokan gabanta lokacin ta mamaye kasar, Amnesty ta ce kungiyar ba ta ci gaba da farautar gida-gida don zakulo mutane ba kamar yadda ake tsoro ba.

Sai dai rahoton Kungiyar Agaji ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya A Aghanistan (UNAMA), ya nuna Taliban ta sha saba alkawarin daga ranar 15 ga watan Agustan 2021 zuwa 15 ga watan Yunin 2022.

Rahoton ya ce a tsawon lokacin an kashe mutum 160 ba bisa ka’ida ba, an yi kamen ba gaira ba sabar 178 an tsare mutane a killace 23, sai kuma 56 da aka azabtar da tsoffin jami’an tsaro da na gwamnatin da ta shude.

Dakarun Taliban
Dakarun Runduna ta Musamman ta ‘Badri 313’ da Taliban ta kafa. (Hoto: AP).

Wannan adadi bai hada da na ’yan kungiyar IS a Yankin Khorasan da kuma ’yan NRF ba, wanda Taliban ke kamawa ko azabtarwa ko kashewa ba bisa ka’ida ba.

Mayakan NRF ne suka yi wa Taliban turjiya a yankin Panjshir har zuwa watan Satumba, yanzu kuma suke  kokarin sake kwace yankin daga kungiyar.

A watan Yuni rahoton Amnesty ya ce Taliban na yi wa fararen hula kisan gilla da tsare wasu barkatai bisa zargin zama mambobin NRF a Panjshir.

“Abin sai karuwa yake,” in ji wani jami’in binciken Amnesty kan yankin Kudancin Asiya, Zaman Sultani.

Alkawarin kare hakkin ’yan jarida

A lokacin da suka karbi mulki, kakakin Taliban, Zabihullah Mujahid ya yi alkawarin bai wa ’yan jarida cikakkiyar damar gudanar da aikinsu, muddin ba su yi wa tsarin gwamantin shisshigi ba.

Sai dai washegarin da suka kwace birnin Kabul suka kashe dan uwan wani jaridar DW da suka dade suna nema.

A ranar 21 ga watan 2021, Kungiyar ’Yan Jarida ta Duniya ta ce an kashe Fahim Dashiti, shugaban kungiyar ’yan jarida ta Afghanistan a wani rikici tsakanin Taliban da mayakan NRF.

Kungiyoyin kare hakki sun ce babu kwararan hujjoji da ke nuna Taliban ta kashe ’yan jarida.

Amma a fili yake daga lokacin da kungiyar ta karbe mulki zuwa yanzu ’yan jarida a kasar raguwa suke ta yi.

Mayakan Taliban a wurin taron 'yan jariya
Kakakin Taliban, Zabihullah Mujahi da wasu mayaka a wurin taron ‘yan jarida a birnin Kabul. (Hoto: AP).

A watan Yulin 2021 ’yan jarida 10,000 ne ke aiki a kasar,  amma zuwa watan Disamba mutum 4,360 ne suke ci gaba da aiki, saboda kisa da take hakkokinsu.

Kazalika a cikin wata uku da fara mulkin kungiyar kafafen yada labarai 231 daga cikin 534 da ke kasar sun daina aiki.

Wani bincike da Kungiyar ’Yan Jarid ta Duniya ta gudanar ya nuna kafofin yada labarai 318 mallakar gwamnatin kasar sun daina aiki a mulkin Taliba.

Zabihullah dai ya ce babu wata kafar da za a rufe, amma duk da haka kafofin yada labaran gwamnati sun yi ta rufewa saboda rashin kudaden gudanarwa.

Zabihullah a bayanin nasa ya ce wajibi ne kafofin yada labarai a kasar su bi sharuddan da gwamnati ta gindaya, da ke adawa da abubuwan da kungiyar ke ganin tsarin turawa ne.

Kafafen yada labaran kasashen waje ma ba su tsira ba, inda a watan Maris aka dakatar da watsa shirye-shiryen BBC da DW da VOA a kasar baki daya, bayan wata guda kuma aka tsare ’yan jarida 12.

Matakin ne ya sa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kira ga gwamantin da ta dakatar da tsare ’yan jarida barkatai.

Rahoton kungiyar ’yan jaridar ya ce rashin samun bayanai da matsin tattalin arziki da tsoron hari su ne manyan abubuwan da suka haddasa rufe kafofin yada labarai.

Hana fataucin miyagun kwayoyi

Wannan batu ne mai sarkakiya kasancewar a duniya Afghanistan ce ta daya wajen samar da opioid, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen hada magunguna da miyagun kwayoyi.

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ce a shekarar 2020 kasar ce ta samar da kashi 85 cikin 100 na sinadarin na Opioid da duniya ke bukata a bangaren da ba na magunguna ba.

A farkon 2022 gwamnatin Taliban ta haramta noman opioid gami da barazanar daure manomansa da kuma kona gonakinsu.

Mataimakin Ministan Harkokin Yaki Da Miyagun Kwayoyi, Mullah Abdul Haq Akhund, ya ce gwamnatin tana tattaunawa da kungiyoyi da gwamnatocin kasashen duniya kan domin samo abubuwan da manoman kasar za su rika nomawa domin samun kudaden shiga.

Kawo yanzu dai kungiyar ba ta saba wannan alakwari ba, kamar yadda ta kafa tarihi wajen yakar noman miyagun kwayoyi.

Binciken Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2004 ya nuna zuwa shekara 2000 Taliban ta kawar da noman opioid gaba daya a Afghanistan.

Rahoton ya ce bayan Amurka ta shiga kasar ta karbe mulki daga Taliban a 2001 ne aka ci gaba da nomansa har zuwa 2021.

Yanzu dai duniya na zuba ido ta ga yadda gwamnatin za ta hana noman yadda ta yi a baya, wanda hakan ke da muhimmanci ga alakarta da kasashen duniya.

Abu na biyu shi ne yadda za ta maye gurbinsa wajen samo kudaden shigar gwamnatin, wanda kaso tara zuwa 14 cikin 100 na kudaden ke zuwa daga nomansa.

A shekara 2021, kasar ta samu kudin shiga Dala Biliyan 2.7 daga noman opioid.

Haka kuma, ana ganin matsin tattalin arziki da duniya ke ciki na iya kawo nakasu ga tallafin da Afghanistan ke samu daga kungiyoyin agaji, wanda ake ganin na iya sa ta waiwayi bangaren safarar kwayar.